Maailmanpolitiikan teoriasuuntaukset 27.9.2018 Poststrukturalismi Maailmanpolitiikan teoriasuuntaukset 27.9.2018

Poststrukturalismi post-positivist, non-causal, constitutive, anti-foundationalist epistemology (what counts as facts and truth differs from theory to theory) keskeisimpiä käsitteitä: diskurssi, dekonstruktio, genealogia, intertekstuaalisuus keskeisimpiä tutkimusongelmia: valtiosuvereniteetin dekonstruktio, identiteetin ja ulkopolitiikan keskinäisen suhteen analyysi skeptisyys suhteessa emansipaatioon ja universalistiseen diskurssiin

Poststrukturalismi Discourse: ”a linguistic system that orders statements and concepts” à la Foucault (even brute facts are socially constructed, language produces meaning) Deconstruction: reversing the hierarchy of dichotomies and undoing the pairing (sign structures are unstable) à la Derrida Genealogy: ”history of the present” à la Foucault (power struggles; power as productive, also actors produced in discourse; power of experts; biopower) Intertextuality: ”the social world is comprised of texts” à la Kristeva (texts unique but connected, popular culture texts) – vrt. Hansenin artikkeli

Poststrukturalismi State sovereignty (vrt. Walkerin artikkeli): - sovereign, territorial state as the unit of political community since Treaties of Westphalia (order, trust, loyalty, progress) - world: inside the state and outside (conflict, suspicion, self- help, anarchy) - double move of the realists - inherently unstable, needs to be reproduced again and again - difficulty of transcending (particular position of power involved in defining what is ”the universally” good and right)

Poststrukturalismi Foreign policies (Shapiro, Campbell): - constitute the identity of the ”self”: the construction of ”others” (threats, dangers, challenges) constitutes ”our” identity (and affects ”our” foreign policies) - identity and foreign policy are performative and mutually constitutive (no ”causal mechanism”) - subject positions change and overlap (ammatti, uskonto/ideologia/poliittinen kanta, sukupuoli, kansallisuus, harrastukset), lack of subject position -> lack of agency -> lack of voice

Document number I-130 of the Immigration and Naturalization Service: change of status from ”nonresident alien” to ”permanent resident alien”(vrt. Campbell) tai Form number N-400 of the Department of Homeland Security (US Citizenship and Immigration Services): ”Application for Naturalization”