Mitä on tapahtunut? Mitä on tehty? PERFEKTI Mitä on tapahtunut? Mitä on tehty?
Käyttö Kertoo, mitä on tapahtunut. Menneisyydessä, mutta liittyy nykyhetkeen. Viime aikoina, tänään, jostain lähtien, tähän saakka + recently, today, since, for, many times etc. Ed and Ned have been friends for many years. They have played chess together since 1989. Lately Ed has won the match more often.
Muodostus YKSIKKÖ I have You have She / he / it has + 3. MUOTO (-ED) MONIKKO We have They have
3. muoto? + ED OPENED CHANGED STAYED HURRIED SÄÄNNÖLLISET EPÄSÄÄNNÖLLISET + ED OPENED CHANGED STAYED HURRIED PUT, PUT, PUT READ, READ, READ SWIM, SWAM, SWUM TEACH, TAUGHT, TAUGHT WRITE, WROTE, WRITTEN
I haven’t seen Dave this week. We haven’t met his girlfriend. KIELLOT KYSYMYKSET I haven’t seen Dave this week. We haven’t met his girlfriend. He hasn’t told us much about her. Have you seen Dave? Have you met Dave? Has he told you about his girlfriend?
Perfekti vai imperfekti? Tapahtui kokonaan menneisyydessä. Ei jatku tai ole voimassa enää. Tapahtui menneisyydessä, mutta jotain merkitystä nykyhetkessä. Voi jatkua tai toistua yhä, on voimassa.
Perfekti vai imperfekti? Ricky played a lot of tennis five years ago. Ricky was interested in sports when he was ten. Nicky has played a lot of tennis recently. Nicky has been interested in tennis since he was ten.
Kestoperfekti Tekeminen on alkanut menneisyydessä, mutta on vielä kesken tai jatkuu yhä. Korostaa tekemisen pitkäkestoisuutta. Esim. suomeksi olen odotellut, on etsiskellyt. I have been waiting for you for two hours. It has been raining all day. Joe has been looking for a job for two months.
Yleis- vai kestoperfekti? I have read all the works by Stephen King. Lately I’ve been reading The Shining. Olen lukenut kaikki Stephen Kingin teokset. Viime aikoina olen lueskellut Hohtoa.
Yleis- vai kestoperfekti? I have been studying all morning. I have read at least a hundred pages by now. Olen opiskellut koko aamun. Olen lukenut ainakin sata sivua tähän mennessä.