Pluskvamperfekti Pluskvamperfekti kertoo, mitä oli tapahtunut ennen jotain toista ajankohtaa menneisyydessä. Before I came to the gym, I had spoken with the coach. Matti had taken English lessons before he joined his NHL team. Yleis- ja kestopluskvamperfekti. Mitä eroa niillä on? Jane had finished her work by the time her parents got home. Jane had been finishing her work while she was waiting for us. She had already eaten. She had been eating chocolate while working.

Pluskvamperfekti Yleispluskvamperfektissä päähuomio on tosiseikassa, ei tekemisen kestossa. Jane had finished her work when her parents got home. She had already eaten. Kestopluskvamperfekti korostaa tapahtuman kulkua tai sen kestoa. Jane had been finishing her work while she was waiting for her parents. She had been eating chocolate while working. Usein yleis- tai kestomuodon käyttö on keskenään vaihtoehtoista.

Yleispluskvamperfekti Muodostus Yleispluskvamperfekti muodostetaan apuverbillä had ja pääverbin 3. muodolla (säännöllisillä verbeillä pääte -ed) I had walked a mile before I got to the station. Why had you called Jenny before you called me? Lucy hadn’t played badminton in a while. They’d had an interesting discussion while I was out. Lyhennetyn muodon ’d käyttö on yleistä.

Yleispluskvamperfekti Muodostus Yleispluskvamperfektin kielteinen muoto muodostetaan had not / hadn’t + pääverbin 3. muoto I had not / hadn’t been out very long before the rain started. We lost the match because we had not / hadn’t trained enough. Hadn’t they booked a hotel room before flying to Lisbon? Muista! Lauseessa voi olla vain yksi kieltosana. Lisa met a lot of people none of whom she had met before.

Yleispluskvamperfekti Muodostus Yleispluskvamperfektin kysymys muodostetaan had + SUBJEKTI + pääverbin 3. muoto Hadn’t Jenny locked the door before she left? Had you ever tasted kimchi before you had it now? For how long had he had a sore throat before going to the doctor’s?

Activate 1. Ystäväni keskustelivat elokuvasta, jonka olivat nähneet. Translate. 1. Ystäväni keskustelivat elokuvasta, jonka olivat nähneet. My friends talked about a film they had seen. 2. Ihailin sitä valokuvaa, jonka Steve oli ottanut. I admired the photo (which/that) Steve had taken. 3. Koirani oli tyhjentänyt roskiksen ja jouduin siivoamaan sotkun. My dog had emptied the bin and I had to clean up the mess. 4. Phil ei ollut syönyt omenaa, hän oli syönyt appelsiinin. Phil hadn’t eaten an apple, he had eaten an orange.

5. Jason ja Helen eivät olleet koskaan ajaneet Jeepillä. Jason and Helen had never driven a Jeep. 6. Kukaan ei ollut nähnyt roiston tulevan pankkiin. Nobody had seen the robber come/coming into the bank. 7. Oliko Laura kopioinut kotitehtävät, joita hän ei ollut itse tehnyt? Had Laura copied the homework (which/that) she had not done herself? 8. Etkö ollut syönyt mitään ennen kuin menit ulos? Hadn’t you eaten anything before you went out?

9. Kuka oli asunut asunnossa ennen kuin me muutimme sinne? Who had lived in the flat before we moved in (there)? 10. Kun palasin kotiin, huomasin, ettei mikään ollut muuttunut. When I came back home I noticed that nothing had changed.

Pluskvamperfektin kestomuoto Kestopluskvamperfekti korostaa tapahtuman kulkua tai sen kestoa. Jane had been finishing her work while she was waiting for us. She had been eating chocolate while working.

Kestopluskvamperfekti Muodostus Kestopluskvamperfekti muodostetaan had been + pääverbin -ing-muoto I had been walking for hours before I finally got back home. Why had you been talking to the others before you talked to me? Jim had been singing in the rain so he caught a cold. My parents were still having the same discussion they’d been having when I went out.

Kestopluskvamperfekti Muodostus Kestopluskvamperfektin kieltomuoto muodostetaan had not been / hadn’t been + pääverbin -ing-muoto I had not / hadn’t been feeling well so I didn’t go out in the evening. Sam failed the course because he had not / hadn’t been attending lessons. Hadn’t he been paying attention to what the teacher said? The tourists had never been skiing before until they tried it in Lapland.

Kestopluskvamperfekti Muodostus Kestopluskvamperfektin kysymys muodostetaan had + SUBJEKTI + been + pääverbin -ing-muoto Hadn’t Jenny been looking for work for a year before she got the job? Had you been waiting there long before your friend arrived? For how long had you been jogging when you fainted?

Activate Täydennä yleis- tai kestopluskvamperfektillä. 1. I ___ (drink) coffee all morning. At lunchtime, my stomach felt really strange! I had been drinking coffee all morning. 2. My sister ___ (talk) to her friends on Skype for hours so now she wanted a break. My sister had been talking to her friends…

3. When Mel came to school yesterday, her eyes were red 3. When Mel came to school yesterday, her eyes were red. I think she ____ (cry) . I think she had been crying. 4. Things ____ (go well) with her and her boyfriend since he moved to Stockholm. Things hadn't been going well …

5. I ____ (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt 5. I ____ (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. The pyramids are actually quite small. I _____ (expect) them to be bigger. I had seen many pictures of the pyramids… I had been expecting / had expected them to be bigger. 6. Jenny _____ (climb) several mountains and _____ (go) on safaris by the time she turned twenty. Jenny had climbed several mountains and (had) gone on safaris…

7. By then she _____ (experience) more than many of us do in our whole lives. By then she had experienced /had been experiencing more… 8. We ____ (decide) to go and see ‘The Phantom of the Opera’. I ____ (try) to get tickets for that musical for months. We had decided to go and see… I had been trying to get tickets…

9. By the time I left the café where we ____ (say) we'd meet, I ____ (have) five mugs of latte and I ____ (wait) for over half an hour. …where we had said we'd meet I had had five mugs of latte… and I had been waiting for over half an hour. 10. I _____ (arrange) to meet my Mom at the theatre. I had arranged to meet…

11. When I arrived at the theatre, Mom _____ (get, already) the tickets. … Mom had already got(ten) the tickets. 12. She was really upset because she ____(wait) long as well. She said she _____ (go, almost) in without us. … she had waited / had been waiting long as well. … she had almost gone in without us.