Persistent Identifiers and Finnish Institutional Repositories Rita Voigt Helsinki University of Technology and OA-JES Coordinator for Institutional Repositories in Finland IR workshop – 11.1.2007 – Helsinki

OA-JES Promoting Open Access Publishing in Finland Funding: Ministry of Education Initiative: Finnish Open Access Working Group 4 parts: Advocacy (Kalle Korhonen, Univ. of Helsinki) Coordination of IRs (Rita Voigt, TKK) The National Library of Finland, definition of tasks TSV, development of a publishing tool for OA journals Duration: 1.4.2006 – 31.1.2007 Results: Increasing awareness, new repositories, this workshop… Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 2

Institutional Repositories – (OA-JES) definitions In addition to bibliographic metadata the full text is available for all publications. The full text is stored locally (in most cases, cooperation solutions for smaller institutions). The institution is responsible for its availability. Outsourcing the archive is possible, but usually has its problems. Both metadata and full text are open access. The permanent availability and access to the publication is ensured  each publication is given a persistent identifier (URN or other). The repository is OAI compatible. Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 3

URN – Uniform Resource Name Ensures permanent access to the publication now and in the future. Unambiguous identifier, can be used in OpenURLs. Persistent identifier, no need to update links in library catalogs, provides a link from bibliographic metadata to full text. Persistent link in lists of references, no need to give date of access. Future researchers are able to get to the cited reference, which should be a prerequisite for any scholarly work! No broken links. Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 4

Persistent identifiers Why URNs? URNs are in use in many European countries and elsewhere. National Libraries support the use of URNs. URNs are free. The administration of URNs is flexible. Already published documents can get URNs during batch processing. Other persistent identifier systems: DOI, Handle, ARK Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 5

Usage example: Library catalog Database: Teknillisen korkeakoulun kirjasto Title: Sanat kivettyvät kaupungiksi [Elektroninen aineisto] : tutkimus Helsingin kaupunkisuunnittelun prosesseista ja ihanteista / Pasi Mäenpää ... [et al.] Material: kirja Published: Espoo : Teknillinen korkeakoulu, 2000 Series: (Yhdyskuntasuunnittelun tutkimus- ja koulutuskeskuksen julkaisuja. B ; 83) Links: urn:nbn:fi:tkk-004097 http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:fi:tkk-004097 http://lib.tkk.fi/Reports/2000/isbn951226336X.pdf Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 6

Persistent identifiers and Finnish IRs The National Library has actively participated in the standardisation work of URNs since the 1990’s (Juha Hakala). However, theoretical considerations haven’t led to any practical results during these years. Recommendations put an emphasis on the use of URN:ISBN identifiers, which are not widely used elsewhere. URN:NBN for web articles. http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/julkaisuala/urn.htm URN:NBN for all publications at Helsinki Univ. of Technology since the establishment of the repository in 2003. URN:ISBN at the Univ. of Oulu. Both URN:ISBN and URN:NBN at the Univ. of Joensuu. Many other institutions are assigning some kind of URN to their publications or have expressed interest in doing so. DSpace comes with the handle identifier system, possible to use URNs in addition. Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 7

Distribution of URNs Overall administration: National Library. The National Library provides the possibility to generate single URNs of the URN:NBN type urn:ubn:fi:fe... If an institution publishes a lot, it could/should(?) get an own namespace for this type of URNs, e.g. urn:nbn:fi:tkk...  Contact the National Library for the namespace. When having an own namespace the institution can assign URNs for their publications independently. Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 8

URN standardisation IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC’s: URN Syntax (2141) Functional Requirements of URN’s Registration of NID’s Resolving Syntax: URN : NID : NISS namespace identifier namespace specific string (ex. NBN, ISBN, ISSN) Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 9

URN @ TKK Centralised distribution and administration in the library. All publications get a URN:NBN identifier, when they are stored into the TKK institutional repository (with the exception of photos). ”trusted repository”. Format: urn:nbn:fi:tkk-123450 organisation consecutive check namespace numbers = digit recordnumbers in the IR Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 10

From assignment to use  The resolver software Implementation of a national resolver in Finland in Feb. 2005  enables the use of URNs as the main identifier for the publication. Centralised service, located at Helsinki University of Technology Library in Espoo. Part of an international network of URN resolver services. Resolves the location of any document that has a persistent identifier. Redirects the URN query to the web address where the document is currently located. Before redirection checks that the URL exists, displays error messages where necessary. Redirects foreign URNs and other than URN identifiers to the location where they can be resolved. Administrative features. Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 11

Resolver software Development: Univ. of Uppsala, Sweden. Now moved to KB, National Library of Sweden. Wiki: http://epc.ub.uu.se/niwiki/ Version 3.0, Feb. 2005. Contact person for data providers in Finland: Rita Voigt. TKK has used the software for about two years. Works fine for URN:NBN identifiers. Initially no support for URN:ISBN identifiers implemented. Extension and further development by Jukka Lehmus, TKK Library. TKK, U. Joensuu and U. Oulu are now using the resolver service. If your organisation is interested, please contact us! Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 12

URN:ISBN Seen as a Finnish curiosity in Europe. Therefore no support in any resolver software. Finnish URN:ISBN namespaces have to be included into the service mappings of all the other national resolvers to enable them to redirect these URNs to the Finnish resolver. No big problem for Finnish ISBNs (?) But: ISBNs usually do not identify the country of the publication as clearly as the country code in the URN:NBN identifiers. Resolvable at the centralised ISBN agency  double redirections needed. As a result: If you like your URNs to work smoothly use the URN:NBN type from now on. Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 13

Demo Question: Where do I find the publication with the identifier urn:nbn:fi:tkk-004097 urn:nbn:de:gbv:089-3321752945 urn:nbn:ch:bel-9478 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3475 URN:NBN:no-3132 Answer: Redirection either by showing the URL for a moment http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:fi:tkk-004781 or directly (all foreign or other identifiers always directly) http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:fi:tkk-004781&godirectly http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=URN:NBN:no-3132 The resolver thus finds publications which are known to the local service, and which can be found in other services, see for example http://epc.ub.uu.se/rs/services/servicemappings.xml Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 14

Demo 2 Joensuu: Oulu: TKK: http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=URN:NBN:fi-fe20061759 http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=URN:ISBN:952-458-875-7 Oulu: http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=urn:isbn:951-42-8239-6 TKK: http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:fi:tkk-007434 http://urn.tkk.fi/resolve?urn=URN:NBN:fi-fe20071017  Foreign services can redirect Finnish URNs to the resolver at TKK: Swedish National Library: http://urn.kb.se/start German National Library: http://www.persistent-identifier.de/?link=610&lang=en Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 15

How to get involved? Have a ”trusted repository”, e.g. maintainted by the university library. Produce an XML file containing the URN–URL –pairs for your repository (simple schema, easy to accomplish). Put the file in an openly accessible place on the web. Tell us the URL of this file.  The resolver will harvest this file regularly. Keep it up-to-date! (cf. OAI-PMH) Example (Joensuu): http://joypub.joensuu.fi/NBN/records.xml Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 16

Thank you ! rita.voigt at tkk.fi Julkaisuarkisto-workshop – Helsinki 11.1.2007 Rita Voigt / TKK ja OA-JES 17