Social class and men’s childbearing Miten sosiaaliluokka vaikuttaa miesten perheellistymiseen? VÄESTÖLIITTO 1 Launching seminar ’Precarious family formation’

Esitys aiheesta: "Social class and men’s childbearing Miten sosiaaliluokka vaikuttaa miesten perheellistymiseen? VÄESTÖLIITTO 1 Launching seminar ’Precarious family formation’"— Esityksen transkriptio:

1 Social class and men’s childbearing Miten sosiaaliluokka vaikuttaa miesten perheellistymiseen? VÄESTÖLIITTO 1 Launching seminar ’Precarious family formation’ Väestöliitto, Helsinki 19th April 2012 Lassi Lainiala and Anneli Miettinen Väestöliitto, Väestöntutkimuslaitos

2 VÄESTÖLIITTO 2 Council of Europe 2006; Eurostat 2005,2006 Fertility in Europe: Decreasing TFR and postponement of parenthood Age at first birthTFR West E: Be, Irl, Fr, Lu, Net, UKMiddle E: Au, Ge, Swi South-E: Cy, Gr, It, Mt, Por, SpTransition: BH, Bul, Cr, CzR, Est, Hun, La, Russia/USSR: Ar, Az, Blr, Ge, Mo,Li, Mc, Po, Ro, Sk, Sl, SM RFed, UkrNordic De, Fin, Icl, No, Swe

3 VÄESTÖLIITTO 3 Fertility in Europe Increasing convergence? Between countries? Between socioeconomic groups? Social status and fertility General trend: a shift from a positive to a negative or neutral status-fertility relation Industrialized countries forerunners For example: Educational differences persist

4 VÄESTÖLIITTO 4 SES and fertility Does the overall decline in fertilty and ’two-child norm’ mean that socioeconomic factors explaining childbearing behaviour have become less important? Are there gender differences? Higher status men/women: more or fewer children?

5 VÄESTÖLIITTO 5 Status and fertility: the highest relative to the lowest status groups 1950-741990-2006 Income, wealthEurope, North America -13.96.7 Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America 14.2-14.9 Occupation/Social class Europe, North America -6.0-7.9 Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America 0.2-25.9 EducationEurope, North America -21.8-17.8 Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America -25.2-33.3 Skirbekk 2008

6 VÄESTÖLIITTO 6 Fertility in the Nordic countries Have socioeconomic differences in fertility disappeared? Educational differences in age at first birth, yrs (high vs. low) 1945-49 cohort 1965-69 cohort Sweden4.5 yrs5.2 yrs Norway5.4 yrs7.1 yrs Denmark4.7 yrs4.9 yrs Finland4.8 yrs Andersson et al. 2008 -> NO: SES differences in fertility behaviour still notable, or even increasing…

7 VÄESTÖLIITTO 7 Fertility in the Nordic countries Have socioeconomic differences in fertility disappeared? Childlessness at age 40, % Educational level1945-49 cohort1955-59 cohort Low7.88.6 NorwayMiddle8.311.0 High13.114.9 Diff. highest vs lowest+5.3 pp+6.3 pp Low16.919.2 FinlandMiddle15.416.7 High18.517.0 Diff. highest vs lowest+3.1 pp+2.5 pp Andersson et al. 2008 -> …AND YES: differences disappearing/changing

8 VÄESTÖLIITTO 8 SES-differences in fertility in a highly developed country: case FINLAND Mainly the relationship between educational level and fertility (intentions, timing, completed fertility) Other SES-indicators? In most cases focus on women: very little research on men’s fertility behaviour or attitudes and expectations concerning childbearing SES & Women: contradicting results SES & Men: ??

9 VÄESTÖLIITTO 9 Completed fertility: Mean number of children at age 45-49, men and women by education Statistics Finland 2004, own calculations

10 VÄESTÖLIITTO 10 Childlessness among men and women aged 45-49 yrs in 2004, by education, Finland Statistics Finland 2004, own calculations

11 VÄESTÖLIITTO 11 Ideal family size and current number of children, 20-45-year-old men and women by education

12 Miten SES-erot näkyvät lastenhankinta-aikeissa ja kumppanin löytämisessä? (SES-differences, fertility intentions and finding a partner) VÄESTÖLIITTO 12

13 Miehet (0- ja 1-lapsiset), jotka aikovat ”varmasti” hankkia lapsia koulutustason mukaan VÄESTÖLIITTO 13 (Men (0 & 1 –parities) who intend to have children by educ. Level) basicHigh school & vocational educ. university Higher vocational education

14 Lasta ”varmasti”aikovat lapsettomat miehet kuntatyypeittäin ( Men who ”certainly” intend to have children by Town size) VÄESTÖLIITTO 14 Countryside The biggest urban area in Finland

15 Kumppania vailla olevat lapsettomat miehet koulutustason ja ikäryhmän mukaan VÄESTÖLIITTO 15 Childless men without a partner by age group and educational level Lowest

16 VÄESTÖLIITTO 16

17 Miesten ensimmäiset avioliitot vuosina 1990 & 2010 First marriages of men in years 1990 & 2010 VÄESTÖLIITTO 17

18 Miesten oma koulutustaso & kumppanin koulutustaso Men´s educational level & educ. level of his partner) VÄESTÖLIITTO 18

19 No money, no honey VÄESTÖLIITTO 19

20 Miesten parisuhdestatus ja nettotulot ikäryhmittäin (Relationship status of men and net income by age group) Green = married & cohabiting, Orange = else VÄESTÖLIITTO 20

21 VÄESTÖLIITTO 21 Kiitos!